主谓一致用法详解

在英语中，要特别注意句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。我们称之为“主谓一致”。

eg. I am a student and my mother is a teacher.

   I go to school and my mother goes to work every day.

主语是第一人称“I ”时，动词用am, go.

主语是第三人称“she/my mother”时，动词要用is, goes.

1 并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致关系

A  由and连接两个名词或代词作主语时

   （A and B）  可分为下列四种情况：

a   A,B 表示不同的人，物或概念时

两个词所表示的是不同的人，不同的事物或不同的概念时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

eg .Li Ming and Zhuang Hua are good students.

   Both the parents and the children are here. （both A and B 作主语时，谓语动词用复数）

   Listening, Speaking, Reading and writing are all important.

b   A,B 表示同一个人，物或概念时

两个词表示的是同一个人，同一件事或同一个概念是，谓语动词要用单数形式。

eg. A journalist and author lives in the sixth flat.

   The turner and fitter is under twenty-five .

(同一个人只能用一个冠词，如果是不同的两个人就要用两个冠词。)

但是当作句子主语的两个名词具有对立的意思时，主语前用一个冠词不会使人发生误解。

eg. A boy and girl are playing tennis.

 c   A,B 之前有each, every, many a, no 等修饰语时

     当and 连接几个单数主语，主语由each, every, no, many a 等词修饰时，谓语动词要用单数。

     eg. Each boy and each girl is invited.

        Every boy and girl is there now.

        No boy and no girl is there now.

        Many a boy and many a girl has been invited.

  d    A,B 为两个不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数

     eg. A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.

        Bread and butter is nutritious.

  表示一个整体的“A and B” ：law and rule    fish and chips    knife and fork  

a horse and carriage

 

补充：

a great/good many +复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。

eg. A great /good many people were killed in this traffic accident.

      all+不可数名词 ———— 谓语动词用单数

      all+可数名词复数­­­———— 谓语动词用复数

eg . All whiskey is expensive for me.

   All birds have wings, but not all birds can fly.

B  由or; not noly…..but also…., either….or,  neither….nor 连接主语时

        A or B  

        Either A or B 谓语的人称和数与最靠近的主语一致

        Neither A nor B （在叙述句中与B保持一致，在疑问句中与A一致）

        Not only A but also B

eg. Either you or I am mad.

   Neither you nor he is naught. 

   Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.

C 当主语后跟有with 等词时

  当主语后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, as well as rather than，but 等词时

 

     with                     except

      along with                like

 A+  together wither            including + B + 谓语动词

      besides                  as well as

      but                      rather than

谓语动词不受词组的影响，仅和第一个主语A保持一致。

eg. All but one were here just now.

   A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.

   She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarket.

   The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.

   A peasant, together with some soldiers is about to help us.

2 单一主语的情况

A  以复数形式结尾的名词作主语时和谓语的一致关系

a  有些表示科学名称的词如physics, maths, economics, news, politics, athletics,gymnastics等一般被认为形式是复数，意思是单数的词，它们作主语时谓语动词一般用单数形式。

eg. Physics is very important .

   The television news is at 7 o’clock in the evening every day.

b  means, works, crossroads等谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用复数。

eg. This works was built in 1982.

   The steel works have /has closed down.

   This means of transport has been tried.

   All possible means have been tired.

 B  动名词，不定式，从句做主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数

 eg. To see is to believe.

    Swimming is a good way to keep health.

    Who is her father is not know.

  注：当what从句是具有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词也可用复数。

  eg. What I say and think is/are about his feture.

C  集体名词作主语时

a   mankind / humanity / man 作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

eg. Only man kows how to cook.

b   由people , police, cattle, youth, 等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

eg. The cattle are grazing in the field.

   The youth of our country are happier than the other people.

c  family, crowd, class, public, enemy, group, army, team等集体名词作主语时

1 若它们所表示的人或事物被当作整体来看，谓语动词用单数形式。

eg. Our class is very diligent .

2 若它们表示的人或事物被当作若干个个体来看时，谓语动词用复数形式。

eg. When I came into the room, his family were watching TV.

3 当a family/ group/ class 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

      Families / groups / classes 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

eg. A group is coming to the zoo.

4 其它情况

a  主语表示距离，时间，长度，价值，金额，重量等复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。数词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

eg. Two kilometers is not very far.

   Three times makes nine.

   Five dollars seems a fair price.

   Two hours is enough.

b  one

One

Every one

Each one + of +复数名词（谓语动词一般用单数形式）

Each

anyone

注：of 后面的复数名词不是主语而是介词of 的宾语，而of 前面的one, every one 等才是主语。

eg. Each of them has a slide.( 强调的是个体而不是集体)

c  neither, (either,none) of……

 neither

either + of + 不可数名词（谓语动词用单数形式）

none

neither

either + of + 可数名词复数（谓语动词可用单/复数两种形式）

none

eg. None of that money in the desk is his.

   None of his classmates knows/know the truth.

   Neither of them is/are right.

   Either of them is right.

   None of the boys here like dancing.

d  分数，百分数+of + 词组

  分数/百分数+ of+ 词组 作主语是，谓语动词的复数取决于of 后的名词或代词的数。若名词或代词为复数，谓语动词用复数；若其为单数。则谓语动词用单数。

分数/百分数+ of+ 词组（不可数名词或是单数名词）-------谓语动词用单数形式

分数/百分数+ of+ 词组（复数名词）----------谓语动词用复数形式

eg. Three—fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

   Two-thirds of the youth support the plan.

   Tens of tons of waste goes into the air with the smoke every day.

e  more than….

  More than one (单数名词)+单数动词

  More than two(复数名词)+复数动词

eg. More than one white rose has bloomed.

   More than two white roses have bloomed.

f  number of ….

  a ( great) number of + 复数名词------谓语动词用复数

   可数名词单数

the number of + ------谓语动词用单数

 不可数名词

eg. A great number of tourists have been to the Great wall.

  A number of tress are green in April.

  The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.

注：a number of = many 一些

the number of …..的数目

g  the + 形容词

   the + 形容词，表示一类人-----谓语动词用复数

   the + 形容词，表示一类物------谓语动词用单数

eg. The rich people are for the decision but the poor people are against it.

   The beauty is hers.

   The young are always full of vitality.

h 由every, any, some, no构成的复合词

everyone , everybody, everything

anyone, anybody, anything

someone, somebody, something 这些复合词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

no one , nobody, nothing

eg. Everyone in the class was surprised at the news.

   Listen ,someone is knocking at the door.

   Is anyone there?

i  由there和here 引起的句子，主语是两个以上是，谓语动词一般和领近的那个主语一致。

eg. There is a book and two pens here.

   Here are some gifts for you.